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Fan activism is a form of civic engagement driven by fandom.〔Jenkins H and Shresthova S. (Eds.) 2012. Up, up and away! The power and potential of fan activism. Transformative Works and Cultures. Volume 10.〕 It utilizes the enthusiasm and empathy of the fan community to raise awareness of social concerns or otherwise support the ideals expressed by object(s) of the fandom. The rise of fan activism has been attributed to the emergence of new media.〔Jenkins H. Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. NYU Press. 2006.〕〔Earl J and Kimport K. Movement societies and digital protest: Fan activism and other nonpolitical protest online. American Sociological Association. 2009.〕 Examples of fan activism include campaigns for social equality including representation of minorities in entertainment media,〔Lopez L. K. Fan actvists and the politics of race in The Last Airbender. Sage. 2012.〕 fund raising for organisations with common values,〔Bennett L.'If we stick together we can do anything’: Lady Gaga fandom, philanthropy and activism through social media. Taylor and Francis LTD. 2014.〕 campaigning for the continuation of a television program〔Scardaville M. C. Accidental activists: Fan activism in the soap opera community. Thomson Reuters. 2014.〕 or sporting team〔Moller M. Grassfoots ethics: The case of souths versus news corporation. Cambridge University Press. 2003.〕 and defending fan works from commercial exploitation and allegations of copyright infringement.〔McLeod K. Confessions of an Intellectual (property): Danger Mouse, Mickey Mouse, Sonny Bono, and my long and winded path as a copyright activist-academic. Taylor and Francis LTD. 2005.〕〔Bukart P. Music and Cyberliberties. Wesleyan University Press. 2010.〕 Notable groups that are associated with fan activism include the Harry Potter Alliance, Fans4Writers, Nerdfighteria and the Organization for Transformative Works. ==References== * * * * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fan activism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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